资料图:日本福岛第一核电站。
2011年,福岛核电站事故发生后,大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋,对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害,数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日,作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。
日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由,在2021年4月13日,正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多,日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。
日本政府辩称,这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全,甚至“可以喝”,这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。
事实上,经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质,核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收,长期来看,将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁,最终危害人类健康。
因此,核污水排海计划推出后,遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示,福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中,约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场,反对该计划。
日本政府认为,核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案,但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海,核污水会随着洋流流动,其影响势必会跨越国界,危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。
《韩国经济新闻》发文称,相关研究认为,福岛核污水如果排放入海,约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域,该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。
德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告,若日本将所有核污水排入海中,不到半年,整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁,包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。
日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国,有义务保护海洋环境。然而,在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上,日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。
国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估,但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论,并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下,日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设,这是极不负责任的行为。
太平洋不是日本的下水道,日本必须正视各方合理关切,在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后,制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远,若只顾眼前,执意将核污水排放入海,不仅其自身,周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单,其后果必将会危害数代人。
Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business
By John Lee
(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.
Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.
The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.
On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.
The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.
In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.
Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.
The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.
The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.
The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.
According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.
As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.
However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.
Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.
The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.
If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.
“靠山吃山”变为“养山护山”****** 彩霞映照下的江西省萍乡市湘东区腊市镇益塘水库,水清岸绿、鱼翔浅底,库边曲桥亭榭、鹭鸟翩飞,令人心旷神怡。很难想象,曾经的这里是矿渣沉积、水体发黑发臭的另一番景象。益塘水库的“新生”,正是湘东区大力开展废弃矿山生态修复治理的一个缩影。 近年来,湘东区通过对废弃矿山实施生态修复综合治理,不仅改善了废弃矿区的生态环境,还走出了一条经济社会发展和生态文明建设相辅相成、相得益彰的新路。 湘东区是远近闻名的“煤城”,由于过去生产工艺落后和盗采乱挖,留下了近9万亩的废弃矿山,一座座满目疮痍的废弃矿山如同一块块难看的疤痕散布在青山之间。水土流失、环境恶化等生态问题严重影响群众生产生活、城乡环境面貌。 “湘东区冬瓜槽区域,高峰期有小窑煤井100多家,造成采掘区域基岩裸露,煤矸石堆积成山,植被严重破坏,地表破坏总面积约为4095亩。”湘东区相关负责人介绍说。湘东冬瓜槽废旧矿山生态修复项目是全市最大的废旧矿山生态修复项目,治理区域范围包括湘东镇巨源村、腊市镇明塘村、乌岗村、下埠镇虎山村。 “深挖废旧矿山资源自身价值转化潜力,推出‘1+N’模式,实现项目投资回报,以减轻政府投资压力。”湘东区相关负责人说。 位于腊市镇乌岗村的益塘水库2022年4月开始治理,建设者从边坡治理、清挖矿渣淤泥着手,新建了挡土墙、铺设草皮、栽植护岸树木,对库底污染沉积物及泥沙进行彻底清理,清理出3万立方米沉积物,还原了集灌溉、防洪、观光等于一体的民生水利工程原貌。 “相比往年,水库的蓄水量得到了扩容,水库的水体也由劣五类变成三类水。”乌岗村村干部说,时隔多年,这个小二型水库重新发挥作用,保障了下游数百亩农田灌溉。 经过综合整治,如今的乌岗村,植被葱郁、蜂飞蝶舞、水塘清澈,一条条新修的沥青公路蜿蜒山间,一派生机盎然,一个个特色产业基地彰显出活力和魅力。 如果把冬瓜槽废弃矿山生态修复综合治理项目看成是湘东区生态绿城的“集大成者”,那么,该项目中的“H39号地”则可称为当地生态修复建设“小试牛刀”的一块试验田。 从山顶俯视,面积不到1亩的“H39号地”仿佛是茫茫戈壁中的一抹绿点缀其间,红薯、萝卜、豇豆等作物郁郁葱葱。“绿色无公害农产品,简直身处花果山。”微信朋友圈里,项目经理兼施工员王志伟经常晒晒自己的成果。 在花冲坡片区,工人们正在边坡打锚杆挂网,他们架着长长的管子,对护坡进行喷播,伴有草籽肥料和灌木苗种的泥浆源源不断喷射到边坡上。 “边坡增厚10厘米,泥浆里草籽和灌木长大后抓地强,稳定性很好。”项目总工程师胡取枋介绍,高峰时,冬瓜槽项目有60台挖机、100多辆后八轮、8台推土机、8台铲车和6辆洒水车同时作业。 “矿山修复,不能一‘绿’了之,关键在激活沉睡资源,让村民口袋鼓起来。”胡取枋介绍,通过降坡、削坡、修建挡土墙、覆土复绿等措施,消除地质灾害隐患,将为当地百姓提供旱地和水田100多块,通过土壤配方改良,农民可种上经济作物和农作物,也可以发展休闲农业。整个项目预计可新增耕地面积1720亩,其中水田494亩,旱地1226亩。 对废弃矿山进行生态修复,就是实现对土地资源的再次利用。湘东冬瓜槽废旧矿山生态修复项目,建设总规模3845亩,预算总投资3.1827亿元。此举不仅为政府决策提供依据,保障国有资产不会流失,还解决了政府投资回报难题,有效推进废旧矿山生态修复治理进程;以政府平台公司为融资主体,对生态修复项目进行包装,向政策性银行进行融资,不增加政府的隐性债务。 修复矿区、植草种瓜、种花生芝麻、养山鸡;开发旅游、培育产业……从靠山吃山到养山护山,从地下开采到地面开花,百年煤矿抖落灰尘,正在乡村振兴绿色发展的康庄大道上接续奋斗,一幅幅彰显产业兴旺之美、文明淳朴之美、共建共享之美、自然生态之美、和谐有序之美的锦绣画卷,正在湘东大地徐徐展开。(张宜婷) (文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎) [责编:天天中] 阅读剩余全文() |